Audio Expert System

The Audio Expert System (AES) monitors and analyzes audio streams with the purpose of detecting and reporting audio impairments. The primary goal of the Audio Expert System is to expedite the detection and resolution of Bluetooth protocol related audio impairments. To achieve this, the system automatically identifies audio impairments and reports them to a user as “events”. It also correlates the audio events with any detected codec or Bluetooth protocol anomalies (events). The system allows a user to view the audio waveform, audio events, codec events, and Bluetooth protocol events on a time-aligned display.

An Audio Expert System event identifies information, warnings, and errors.


Audio Expert System General Events

Event Category

General Events Reported

Bluetooth Protocol

Protocol violations

Best practice violations

Codec

Configuration changes

errors

Audio

impairments (errors)

information data

When the Frontline software captures data, if there is audio content that must be debugged, this data must be systematically examined when looking for the problem source. The effort to identify and correlate the audio related data can be daunting because the problem source may be caused by protocol, codec, or the audio itself. Using the AES identifies events that are likely candidates for audio root cause analysis. The AES examines all captured frames—in live capture or in capture file viewer—and selects audio-related protocol, codec, and audio events. The events are time correlated to the audio stream and identified with specific frames. In general, a cluster of events suggests an area for investigation, and in the presence of multiple event clusters the cluster with the most events suggests the best starting point. The expert system works in conjunction with Frontline software that is operating in live capture mode or in capture file viewer mode. Selecting an event in the AES will simultaneously highlight related packets in the Frontline software Main windows, Coexistence View, Message Sequence Chart, Bluetooth Timeline, Timing Analysis, and Packet Error Rate Statistics (PER Stats) windows.

The table below shows codecs supported with their parameters by the AES. We are constantly adding new codecs to the system. Please contact us for new codec support.


(missing or bad snippet) Supported Codec Parameters

Codec

Sample Frequency

Channel Modes

Data Rate

Other Information

SBC

16 kHz*, 32 kHz*, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz

Mono, Dual, Stereo, Joint Stereo


Block Length: 4, 8, 12, 16

Number of subbands: 4, 8 Allocation Method: SNR, Loudness Minimum Bitpool Value: 2 Maximum Bitpool Value: 53

CVSD

8 kHz

Mono

64 Kbps


mSBC

16 kHz

Mono


Allocation method: Loudness Subbands: 8 Block Length: 15 Bitpool: 26

G.711

8 kHz

Mono

64 Kbps


G.726

8 kHz

Mono

32 Kbps


G.722 (ASHA)

8 kHz , 16 kHz

Mono

48 Kbps,

64 Kbps


MPEG-4 AAC LC

44.1 KHz, 48 KHz, 8 KHz*, 11.025

KHz*, 12 KHz*, 16 KHz*, 22.050

KHz*, 24 KHz*, 32 KHz*, 64 KHz*,

88.2 KHz*, 96 KHz*

Mono, Dual


Variable Bit Rate and Specified Bit rate

AAC-ELD

16 kHz, 24 kHz

Mono

32 Kbps,

44.8 Kbps,

48 Kbps,

64 Kbps


LDAC

44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz

Mono, Dual, Stereo

Up to 990 Kbps

Sample Resolutions: 24 bits, 32 bits

aptX®- Classic and LL

44.1kHz

Stereo

352 Kbps

Sample Resolution: 16-bit both content protected and non-content protected

aptX®-HD

44.1 kHz, 48 kHz

Stereo

576 Kbps

Sample Resolution: 24-bit

LC3

8 kHz, 16 kHz, 24 kHz, 32 kHz, 44.1

kHz, 48 kHz

Mono


Frame Durations: 7.5 ms, 10 ms

GN

ReSound 'Heimdall'

16 kHz

Mono

48 Kbps, 64 Kbps


LC3-SWB

32 kHz

Mono

61867 bits/s

Frame Duration: 7.5 ms

*Audio Analysis not supported, though you are able to play back the audio live.