The Audio Expert System (AES) monitors and analyzes audio streams with the purpose of detecting and reporting audio impairments. The primary goal of the Audio Expert System is to expedite the detection and resolution of Bluetooth protocol related audio impairments. To achieve this, the system automatically identifies audio impairments and reports them to a user as “events”. It also correlates the audio events with any detected codec or Bluetooth protocol anomalies (events). The system allows a user to view the audio waveform, audio events, codec events, and Bluetooth protocol events on a time-aligned display.
An Audio Expert System event identifies information, warnings, and errors.
Audio Expert System General Events
|
Event Category |
General Events Reported |
|
Bluetooth Protocol |
Protocol violations |
|
Best practice violations |
|
|
Codec |
Configuration changes |
|
errors |
|
|
Audio |
impairments (errors) |
|
information data |
When the Frontline software captures data, if there is audio content that must be debugged, this data must be systematically examined when looking for the problem source. The effort to identify and correlate the audio related data can be daunting because the problem source may be caused by protocol, codec, or the audio itself. Using the AES identifies events that are likely candidates for audio root cause analysis. The AES examines all captured frames—in live capture or in capture file viewer—and selects audio-related protocol, codec, and audio events. The events are time correlated to the audio stream and identified with specific frames. In general, a cluster of events suggests an area for investigation, and in the presence of multiple event clusters the cluster with the most events suggests the best starting point. The expert system works in conjunction with Frontline software that is operating in live capture mode or in capture file viewer mode. Selecting an event in the AES will simultaneously highlight related packets in the Frontline software Main windows, Coexistence View, Message Sequence Chart, Bluetooth Timeline, Timing Analysis, and Packet Error Rate Statistics (PER Stats) windows.
The table below shows codecs supported with their parameters by the AES. We are constantly adding new codecs to the system. Please contact us for new codec support.
(missing or bad snippet) Supported Codec Parameters
|
Codec |
Sample Frequency |
Channel Modes |
Data Rate |
Other Information |
|
SBC |
16 kHz*, 32 kHz*, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz |
Mono, Dual, Stereo, Joint Stereo |
|
Block Length: 4, 8, 12, 16 Number of subbands: 4, 8 Allocation Method: SNR, Loudness Minimum Bitpool Value: 2 Maximum Bitpool Value: 53 |
|
CVSD |
8 kHz |
Mono |
64 Kbps |
|
|
mSBC |
16 kHz |
Mono |
|
Allocation method: Loudness Subbands: 8 Block Length: 15 Bitpool: 26 |
|
G.711 |
8 kHz |
Mono |
64 Kbps |
|
|
G.726 |
8 kHz |
Mono |
32 Kbps |
|
|
G.722 (ASHA) |
8 kHz , 16 kHz |
Mono |
48 Kbps, 64 Kbps |
|
|
MPEG-4 AAC LC |
44.1 KHz, 48 KHz, 8 KHz*, 11.025 KHz*, 12 KHz*, 16 KHz*, 22.050 KHz*, 24 KHz*, 32 KHz*, 64 KHz*, 88.2 KHz*, 96 KHz* |
Mono, Dual |
|
Variable Bit Rate and Specified Bit rate |
|
AAC-ELD |
16 kHz, 24 kHz |
Mono |
32 Kbps, 44.8 Kbps, 48 Kbps, 64 Kbps |
|
|
LDAC |
44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz |
Mono, Dual, Stereo |
Up to 990 Kbps |
Sample Resolutions: 24 bits, 32 bits |
|
aptX®- Classic and LL |
44.1kHz |
Stereo |
352 Kbps |
Sample Resolution: 16-bit both content protected and non-content protected |
|
aptX®-HD |
44.1 kHz, 48 kHz |
Stereo |
576 Kbps |
Sample Resolution: 24-bit |
|
LC3 |
8 kHz, 16 kHz, 24 kHz, 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz |
Mono |
|
Frame Durations: 7.5 ms, 10 ms |
|
GN ReSound 'Heimdall' |
16 kHz |
Mono |
48 Kbps, 64 Kbps |
|
|
LC3-SWB |
32 kHz |
Mono |
61867 bits/s |
Frame Duration: 7.5 ms |
*Audio Analysis not supported, though you are able to play back the audio live.